Morphodynamic evolution of a lower Mississippi River channel bar after sand mining          下载免费PDF全文

Brendan T. Yuill  Ahmed Gaweesh  Mead A. Allison  Ehab A. Meselhe 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(4):526-542

In‐channel sand mining by dredge removes large quantities of bed sediment and alters channel morphodynamic processes. While the reach‐scale impacts of dredging are well documented, the effects of the dredged borrow pit on the local flow and sediment transport are poorly understood. These local effects are important because they control the post‐dredge evolution of the borrow pit, setting the pit lifespan and affecting reach‐scale channel morphology. This study documents the observed morphological evolution of a large (1·46 million m³) borrow pit mined on a lateral sandbar in the lower Mississippi River using a time‐series of multibeam bathymetric surveys. During the 2·5 year time‐series, 53% of the initial pit volume infilled with sediment, decreasing pit depth by an average of 0·88 m yr^?1. To explore the controls of the observed infilling, a morphodynamic model (Delft3D) was used to simulate flow and sediment transport within the affected river reach. The model indicated that infilling rates were primarily related to the riverine sediment supply and pit geometry. The pit depth and length influenced the predicted magnitude of the pit bed shear stress relative to its pre‐dredged value, i.e. the bed‐stress reduction ratio (R*), a metric that was correlated with the magnitude and spatial distribution of infilling. A one‐dimensional reduced‐complexity model was derived using predicted sediment supply and R* to simulate patterns of pit infilling. This simplified model of borrow‐pit evolution was able to closely approximate the amount and patterns of sediment deposition during the study period. Additional model experiments indicate that, for a borrow pit of a set volume, creating deep, longitudinally‐shorter borrow pits significantly increased infilling rates relative to elongated pits. Study results provide insight into the resilience of alluvial river channels after a disturbance and the sustainability of sand mining as a sediment source for coastal restoration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

列车振动荷载作用下南京细砂动强度变化规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈磊  庄海洋  沈礼伟  李浩 《地震工程学报》2016,38(1):89-93

以南京细砂为研究对象,采用空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟列车振动荷载作用对应的土体单元所受应力路径,考虑试样围压、加载幅值和排水条件,研究列车振动荷载作用下土体动强度的变化规律。试验结果分析表明:在模拟列车振动荷载作用对土体竖向应变的影响时,采用椭圆应力路径来代替心形应力路径是切实可行的,能克服试验仪器高频加载时无法有效模拟心形应力路径的缺点;其次,当围压和加载幅值都较小时南京细砂主要表现为在振动初期强度强化特征,当振动次数达到一定数量后强度也达到一个稳定阶段;当试验围压较大时,随振动次数增加,南京细砂的强度变化主要以强度弱化阶段为主;同时,排水条件对其强度变化的主要影响表现为对其振动前期强度强化阶段的影响,对其强度弱化阶段的影响并不明显。  相似文献   

含黏粒砂土的循环弹塑性本构模型及其动力数值研究          下载免费PDF全文

白旭  唐小微  刘文化  张西文  胡记磊  李彬 《地震工程学报》2014,36(1):516-524

首先完善上下负荷面中超固结状态参量R与结构性状态参量R*的定义表达,并以此重新推导了应力诱导各向异性上下负荷面模型,并在数值程序中再现该模型,实现土的统一本构的数值化模拟。分析了黏土以及砂土的力学特性,及其在数值模型状态变量中的差异,为模拟含黏粒砂土的实现进行理论分析。通过参数试算找出含黏粒砂土的不同黏粒含量分别所对应的模型参数。  相似文献   

Characteristics and sedimentary processes of lamina-controlled sand-particle imbricate structure in deposits on Lingshan Island,Qingdao, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SHAO ZhuFu  ZHONG JianHua  LI Yong  MAO Cui  LIU ShengXin  NI LiangTian  TIAN Yuan  CUI XinYing  LIU YunTian  WANG XiaoNan  LI WeiHua  LIN GangShan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1061-1076

Imbricate structure is a common sedimentary structure and is well developed in sandy sediments.Here,we report a laminacontrolled fine-sand-particle imbricate structure in a set of very fine grained sedimentary rocks(fine sandstone,siltstone,and mudstone)at the Dockyard and Qianceng Cliff areas of Lingshan Island,Qingdao,Shandong,China.Sets of up to 300 laminae are found in stratigraphic profiles in these areas.The laminae are generally less than 1 mm thick,with most being 0.3–0.4 mm thick and the thinnest being0.1 mm.The dip angle of the imbricate structure varies widely,between 0°and 90°,with an average dip angle of about 40°–50°,which is higher than that of imbricate riverbed gravels(about 34°).The dip angle is a function of the shape and sorting of the particles,as well as the hydrodynamic conditions under which these fine-grained sediments were deposited.Several profiles show well-developed multiscale,soft-sediment deformation structures.Flute casts,load casts,and groove casts are also common.Fragments of carbon remains occur widely and commonly constitute stringers several millimeters thick and up to 10 cm long,together with fine clasts.Vitrain lenticles are also common.Based on the imbricate structure of the Lingshan Island deposits,it is shown that in addition to paleocurrent analysis,the imbricate structure can be used to infer information about fluid properties,transport characteristics,and sedimentary processes of the depositional environment.A near-bottom underflow,either of authigenic origin or derived from cold river water in winter in a delta interdistributary bay or delta-front environment,is inferred to have provided the hydrodynamic setting in which this imbricate structure formed.The imbricate structure,together with other sedimentary structures and features,shows that the sedimentary rocks on Lingshan Island were deposited in an inland,shallow-water environment,such as a delta,and not in a deep-water or submarine continental-slope environment.  相似文献   

青海湖北岸原生砂楔的发现及其古气候意义     

戚帮申  胡道功  赵希涛  张绪教  张耀玲  杨肖肖  赵珍  高雪咪 《冰川冻土》2014,36(6):1412-1419

青海湖北岸刚察县城东与泉吉乡西发现原生砂楔群, 楔内充填物均为中细粒砂, 楔体底部中细粒砂ESR测年数据表明, 刚察县城东3个原生砂楔发育时代分别为(774±70) ka、(773±70) ka和(229±20) ka, 泉吉乡西1个原生砂楔形成时代为(197±18) ka, 反映该区至少发育两期原生砂楔, 其形成时代分别对应昆仑冰期和倒数第二次冰期. 基于原生砂楔的特殊形成环境, 估算青海湖盆地在昆仑冰期早期的年均温不高于-7.5~-10 ℃, 比现今至少低9.2~11.7 ℃, 中更新世早期青海湖盆地发育多年冻土, 青藏高原东北部可能已经进入冰冻圈; 倒数第二次冰期的年均温不高于-9.5~-10 ℃, 比现今低11 ℃以上.  相似文献   

砂土中边坡附近单桩水平抗力的模型试验研究     

高博雷  张陈蓉  张照旭 《岩土力学》2014,35(11):3191-3198

针对平地p-y曲线对临近边坡桩基的不适用性,开展了砂土中边坡存在对单桩水平抗力影响的室内物理模型试验。依据边坡坡角及边坡到单桩距离的不同,共进行了11次3组试验。采用分段3次多项式对实测桩身应变分布进行拟合,以推算桩身变形和桩侧抗力,有效克服了数据拟合点的奇异。对比无边坡时的试验p-y曲线、美国API规范曲线和双曲线模型,确认了平地p-y曲线的计算表达式。其次获得了边坡条件下的单桩荷载-位移曲线,揭示了边坡坡角和边坡到桩的距离对水平受荷单桩桩身弯矩分布的影响规律。根据试验结果采用折减系数修正浅层桩侧极限抗力,并引入边坡对桩侧初始刚度的削弱表达式,得到边坡条件下水平受荷单桩浅层区域双曲线p-y曲线表达式。最后通过与离心试验结果对比,验证了给出的p-y曲线考虑边坡影响时的合理性。  相似文献   

高桩码头基桩竖向承载力原型试验研究     

孙熙平  张勇  郑锋勇  齐广政 《岩土力学》2014,35(9):2609-2615

单桩承载力的检测已有较多成熟的方法。高桩码头的基桩作为整个高桩码头体系的一部分,上部存在复杂的结构,对于此类结构型式,现阶段尚没有有效的方法检测其承载力。结合实际工程,提出区域堆载法检测高桩码头现役基桩承载力的技术,该方法不破坏码头现有的结构。现场进行高桩码头基桩承载力原型试验,在分级荷载作用下测试码头整体变形变位、基桩沉降、结构构件应变等。同时建立数值模型,对高桩码头基桩承载力进行计算分析,利用试验结果对数值模型进行修正,用修正后的数学模型对原型试验的全过程进行数值模拟,对比分析数值计算与试验结果表明,两者吻合较好。经综合分析,最终确定高桩码头基桩的竖向承载力可以达到1 400 kN,码头结构处于安全状态,其结果为码头改造的方案设计提供了试验依据。  相似文献   

夯扩挤密碎石桩加固液化砂土地基的动力数值分析     

杨继红  董金玉  黄志全  马述江  耿运生 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):593-599

砂土液化问题一直是土动力学与岩土地震工程研究领域的重要课题之一。基于南水北调中线某工程,通过现场和室内试验获取土体的物理力学参数,利用岩土数值分析软件FLAC3D对夯扩挤密碎石桩加固干渠液化砂土地基进行了动力数值分析。结果表明,由于夯扩挤密碎石桩的排水作用,干渠底部饱和砂土地基中的超静孔隙水压力和孔压比与加固前相比明显减小;干渠渠道底部饱和砂土中的监测曲线表明,随着地震荷载持续时间的增加,饱和砂土地基中超静孔隙水压力和孔压比峰值较加固前大幅值降低,且时程曲线达到峰值之后也由加固前的基本保持不变改为迅速消减降低;由于夯扩挤密碎石桩的排水和挤密作用,有效消除了干渠渠道底部以及渠堤坡面外侧平台至坡脚底部砂土层的液化现象,加固后干渠底部饱和砂土地基中没有液化现象产生。  相似文献   

基于体素模型的砂岩侵入体三维重建          下载免费PDF全文

李康  李少华  易雪斐  徐亚楠  王浩宇  喻思羽 《古地理学报》2014,16(6):853-860

砂岩侵入体是由沉积后的砂岩再活动并侵入到周围地层中形成的一种特殊砂体。为了研究其演化过程,设计了砂岩侵入体形成过程的模拟实验。针对实验结果,提出了基于体素模型法和Petrel软件的三维重建方法:在实验切片的基础上,对所得到的实验照片进行预处理,将其转化为Petrel软件能够识别的Gslib格式的数据体,再使用克里金插值算法进行模拟。结果表明,克里金算法可以很好地再现砂岩侵入体的外部形态,多组切片的特征参数统计可以定量地刻画出侵入体的形态,以期为实际岩性油气藏中的规模预测提供理论指导。  相似文献   

地形对包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周娜  张春来  邹学勇  吴晓旭  张峰 《地理科学》2014,34(7):889-896

选择沙坡头铁路防护体系典型断面,利用野外风场观测与风洞模拟,讨论地形在道路防沙体系中的作用。结果表明,防护体系前沿栅栏沙丘下风向10倍沙丘高度的水平范围内,地表摩阻风速通常小于临界值;风速递减系数随防护距离的增大而增大,地形倾斜和起伏对贴地层风力减弱的贡献占防护体系风速削弱程度的43%。自流沙区至铁路路基,潜在输沙率迅速波动降低,其中地形变化使得防护体系内潜在输沙率降低50%以上。这表明,地形是沙坡头铁路防护体系发挥卓越功能的重要因素,栅栏沙丘已成为防护体系的重要构成部分。  相似文献